Turpentine is a plant-based oil painting medium used in the production of oil works to adjust the viscosity and concentration of the paint and to dilute dry oil. Painting mediums used in oil colors comprise mainly two types: volatile and dry oil.

Poppy seed oil is an oil painting medium used in the production of oil works to improve the fixing capacity, adjust the viscosity and concentration, and enhance the glossiness of the paint. It is also included as a pigment fixing component (main vehi

Petrol is a mineral-based oil painting medium used in the production of oil works to adjust the viscosity and concentration of the paint and to dilute dry oil. 

Painting mediums used in oil colors comprise mainly two types: volatile and dry oil. Pet

Nikawasui (literally, glue water) is used in the production of Japanese painting, mainly for fixing paint onto the surface and is a solution made by dissolving glue in water. The basic method of making this glue solution from sanzenbon nikawa (hid

Glue has been used since the days of ancient murals and primitive paintings, and continues to be an important material for fixing paint onto the surface in the production of Japanese paintings today. It is made by boiling animal bones, hide, intes

A dosa sizing solution is a mixture of glue solution and alum for treating washi, eginu (silk canvas) and boards used as the support medium for Japanese paintings to prevent ink from smudging. When gilding with gold and silver leaf, applying sizing s

Planographic lacquer is a pink volatile organic solvent used in the process of making metal lithography plates to reinforce the drawing. Compared to stone plates, aluminum and other metal plates are less sensitive to oil. Therefore, a coat of plan

Platemaking solution desensitizes the non-plotting areas when producing a lithograph with a metal plate. It is a mixture of phosphoric acid and glacial acetic acid added to a gum Arabic solution and is also called gum etch solution. Lithographic p

Resensitizing solution is used to adjust the sensitivity of lithographic plates to grease. The process differs for metal plates and stone plates. The surface of metal plates begins to oxidize as soon as it is roughened and therefore the solution i

A mordant is a liquid which corrodes metal used in indirect intaglio techniques (etching) to form grooves on the plate. Common substances used include aqueous ferric chloride and aqueous nitric acid solutions. An aqueous ferric chloride solution i

Liquid ground is a liquid used in copper plate printing to make the surface of the plate corrosion proof. Applying ground shields the non-image sections and protects the plate surface from corrosion. When performing line etching and other etching

Plate oil refers to burnt linseed oil which, in copper plate printing, is blended with pigment to make printing ink or to adjust the ink's viscosity. It is included in copper plate printing ink as a medium to fix the pigment on to the plate surfac

Etchant is an acidic compound solution used in lithograph printing to prevent thickness in drawing lines and ink smudges and to improve the moisture retention of the surface. It is used by adding a moderate amount to a dampening solution (the amou

Gum Arabic is a natural resin which is used as a raw material for the gum Arabic solution used in lithography and in printmaking solutions. It is also used as a binder in watercolor paint. Gum Arabic is produced by drying a resin mainly containing

Hydrated alum is one of the additives in the dosa solution used for sizing washi and silk canvas supports, etc. in Japanese painting. Hydrated alum is a material that has long been used in a number of applications including dyeing and the eliminat

Essential oils, including turpentine and mineral spirits, are used as solvents when making one's own varnish, because of their efficacy in adjusting the viscosity and thickness of oil-based paints, accelerating drying, diluting drying oils, and disso

Drying oils, including linseed oil and poppy oil, are used in painting in order to adjust the thickness of the paints, improve their stretchability, increase the fixativity of the paints to the surface, and give oil paints their characteristic luster

Art solutions (extracted oils) are supplementary paint solutions used when painting with oil-based paints. They are able to enhance the expressiveness of paints and to produce various effects. There are a variety of solutions used for various purp

Linseed oil is used in painting to increase the fixing strength of oil paints, adjust their thickness and viscosity, and to enhance luster. It is also blended into paints as the fixing ingredient (medium) to affix the pigment to the surface of the pa